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| Nonpoint Source: Harbors & Marinas |
The primary nonpoint
source pollutants associated with boat harbors and marinas include the
discharge of pollutants from boats or transported by runoff from parking
lots and hull maintenance areas. Some of the adverse environmental impacts
from these activities include the reduction of dissolved oxygen in coastal
waters and high concentrations of toxic metals in aquatic organisms.
In addition, construction activities at boat harbors and marinas can
adversely impact sensitive ecosystems and bottom-dwelling aquatic communities.
The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) has identified six categories of nonpoint source
pollution relating to harbor and marina activities affecting coastal
waters:
- Toxicity in the
Water Column
- Increased Pollutant
Levels in Aquatic Organisms
- Increased Pollutant
Levels in Sediments
- Increased Levels
of Pathogen Indicators
- Disruption of Sediment
and Habitat
- Shoaling and Shoreline
Erosion
Sixteen management
measures have been established to address these nonpoint source pollution
categories. For detailed information on these categories and the management
measures that address them, please refer to Chapter 5: Management
Measures for Marinas and Recreational Boating of
the EPA's Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of
Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters.
The local ordinances
in Alaska that relate to these fifteen management measures (32-46) are
linked to the following table. Each ordinance
(or ordinance section) is identified by municipality, ordinance title
and reference number. Many Alaskan municipalities
have codes
of ordinances which are available online. Whenever possible,
a direct link is provided to the local ordinance online. Otherwise,
the ordinance text is available in PDF (Adobe Acrobat) format. A free
copy of the application required to view and print PDF files can be
downloaded at Adobe
Acrobat Reader.
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Federal Management Measures/Pollution Controls |
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| View Ordinances
| 32
| Site and design marinas such that tides and/or currents will aid in flushing of the site or renew its water regularly. |
| View Ordinances
| 33
| Assess water quality as part of marina siting and design. |
| View Ordinances
| 34
| Site and design marinas to protect against adverse effects on shellfish resources, wetlands, submerged aquatic vegetation, or other important riparian and aquatic habitat areas as designated by local, State, or Federal governments. |
| View Ordinances
| 35
| Where shoreline erosion is a nonpoint source pollution problem, shorelines should be stabilized. |
| View Ordinances
| 36
| Implement effective runoff control strategies which include the use of pollution prevention activities and the proper design of hull maintenance areas. |
| View Ordinances
| 37
| Location and design of fueling stations so spills can be easily contained; availability of spill containment equipment at the harbor or fueling station; preparation of spill contingency plans. |
| View Ordinances
| 38
| Install pumpout, dump station, and restroom facilities where needed at new/expanding marinas to reduce release of sewage to surface waters. |
| View Ordinances
| 39
| Properly dispose of solid wastes produced by the operation, cleaning, maintenance, and repair of boats to limit entry of solid wastes to surface waters. |
| View Ordinances
| 40
| Disposal of sport-caught fish waste; restrictions on sport-caught fish cleaning; public education and signing concerning proper disposal of sport-caught fish waste. |
| View Ordinances
| 41
| Storage, transfer, containment, recycling and disposal of liquid materials used in boat maintenance, repair or operation. |
| View Ordinances
| 42
| Leaks and spills from boat fueling and bilge pumping; use of automatic shut-off nozzles and fuel/air separators on tank vents or tank stems. |
| View Ordinances
| 43
| In-water boat cleaning; use of phosphate-free or biodegradable detergents and cleaning compounds; use of detergents containing ammonia, etc. |
| View Ordinances
| 44
| Public education/outreach/training programs should be instituted for boaters, as well as marina owners and operators, to prevent improper disposal of polluting material. |
| View Ordinances
| 45
| Ensure that sewage pumpout facilities are maintained in operational condition and encourage their use. |
| View Ordinances
| 46
| Manage boating activities where necessary to decrease turbidity and physical destruction of shallow water habitat. |
The
Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities
Best
Management Practices Manual: Compilation and Assessment for Harbor,
Marina, Boat
Operations, Repair and Maintenance
For more information,
contact Sally Cox, Planner,
Department of Community and Economic Development, at 907-269-4614.
NOTE: The ordinances or sections
of ordinances provided on these pages are not the official versions and are provided
for informational purposes only. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy
of the information presented herein, if the most current version or precise language
of an ordinance is required, it is recommended that you contact the municipality
from which it came.
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